Nairobi's climate is unusual for its location on the equator. The city's altitude of 1,795 meters (approximately 5,900 feet) above sea level moderates temperatures, creating a pleasant temperate climate in contrast to the hot tropical climates found at lower elevations in Kenya.
Temperate Climate
Average temperatures in Nairobi range from 15 degrees Celsius (59 Fahrenheit) at night to 25 degrees Celsius (77 Fahrenheit) during the day, with variations throughout the year. This temperate climate is one reason Nairobi was attractive to European settlers during the colonial period, who found it reminiscent of temperate climates they were familiar with.
Rainfall Patterns
Nairobi receives rainfall in two seasons: the long rains (March to May) and the short rains (October to December). Annual rainfall is moderate at approximately 900 millimeters (35 inches), sufficient to support agriculture and vegetation but subject to variability.
The "City in the Sun"
Nairobi's nickname "The City in the Sun" reflects its pleasant climate. Sunny days are common, and the temperate temperatures make outdoor activities feasible year-round, in contrast to many other tropical African cities.
Climate Change Impacts
Climate change is altering Nairobi's climate patterns. Droughts have become more frequent and severe, reducing water availability. Rainfall patterns have become more erratic and intense, leading to flooding in some seasons and drought in others. These changes threaten water supply, agriculture, and ecosystem stability.
Urban Heat Island Effect
Urban development and loss of green space have created an urban heat island effect in Nairobi, raising temperatures in built-up areas compared to surrounding countryside. This contributes to increased energy use for cooling and health impacts during heat waves.
Flooding and Drainage
Climate change-induced intense rainfall events have caused flooding in Nairobi, particularly in informal settlements and low-lying areas. Inadequate drainage infrastructure exacerbates flooding damage.
Seasonal Variation
The city's seasons vary with the rainfall patterns, though overall temperature variation is modest. The dry seasons (January-February and June-September) are cooler and sunnier, while the rainy seasons are cooler and cloudier.
See Also
Nairobi Timeline Nairobi Ethnic Mix Nairobi Economy Nairobi National Park Kikuyu Nairobi Colonial City