Eastlands refers to the cluster of working-class residential suburbs on the eastern side of Nairobi, including Buruburu, Umoja, Embakasi, and Kayole. These areas were developed in the post-independence period (from 1964 onward) as planned residential quarters for African workers and lower-middle-class families.
Colonial Origins
Eastlands had roots in the colonial period, with areas like Eastleigh developed as segregated African locations in the early 1900s. However, the rapid expansion of Eastlands occurred after independence, driven by urbanization and government policy to provide affordable housing to African workers in the expanding city.
Planned Residential Development
Buruburu, developed in the 1970s, was one of the first planned working-class housing estates, featuring grid-pattern streets, modest single-family homes, and communal facilities. Umoja, developed similarly in the 1980s, followed a comparable model. These areas represented an attempt to formalize and organize African residential areas in contrast to the sprawling informal settlements.
Demographic Composition
Eastlands attracted teachers, nurses, police officers, clerks, traders, and other lower-middle and working-class Africans. The neighborhoods became ethnically diverse, with migrants from all parts of Kenya settling in these areas. Schools, dispensaries, and markets developed to serve these populations.
Later Degradation
Over time, as Nairobi's population pressured formal housing, informal settlements began invading Eastlands. Housing quality deteriorated, maintenance was neglected, and insecurity increased. By the 1990s and 2000s, areas like Embakasi had developed significant informal housing and became notorious for gang activity and crime.
Contemporary Status
Today, Eastlands remains diverse, with some areas maintaining relatively orderly middle-class character while others have become increasingly informal and dangerous. Kayole, in particular, has become one of Nairobi's poorest and most crime-ridden areas, though community organizations and churches remain active.
See Also
Nairobi Timeline Nairobi Ethnic Mix Nairobi Economy Nairobi National Park Kikuyu Nairobi Colonial City