The Tana River red colobus monkey is found nowhere else on earth. Fewer than 1,000 remain, restricted to fragments of riverine forest along the Tana River in eastern Kenya. Habitat destruction from agriculture, charcoal burning, and dam construction has reduced their range to a few isolated patches. The monkey is critically endangered, and extinction is a real possibility. Conservation efforts are small-scale, under-resourced, and fighting against economic pressures that make the forest more valuable cleared than standing. The colobus is running out of time.