Nyanza Province, the Luo heartland, has been economically marginalized since independence. Roads deteriorate, schools lack funding, hospitals run short of supplies. The reasons are political. When the Luo went into opposition in 1966, they lost access to state patronage. Development followed voting patterns. Nyanza's neglect is not accidental but structural, the price of defiance. The region remains beautiful, densely populated, and underserved. Its people have built what they could with what they had, and resented every government that treated them as expendable.