The 1988 election planted seeds that would grow into the Second Liberation movement for multiparty democracy. The visible rigging and brazen electoral fraud delegitimized the one-party system. The public outrage demonstrated that Kenyans would resist electoral manipulation. Churches, lawyers, civil society organizations, and ordinary citizens recognized that one-party democracy could not be reformed and that multiparty competition was necessary. The 1988 election convinced many Kenyans that the Moi government had to be fundamentally challenged.
See Also
- 1988 Election
- Second Liberation Kenya
- Saba Saba
- Kenya Democracy Movement
- Daniel arap Moi
- Kenya One-Party State
Sources
- Widner, Jennifer. The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya. University of California Press, 1992.
- Hornsby, Charles. Kenya: A History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris, 2012.
- Gitonga, Ezra. "Moi's Kenya: Social Engineering in a Kleptocratic State." In Rogue States and State Sponsors of Terrorism. Edited by Robert Rotberg, 2007.