Even within KANU, opposition to mlolongo emerged. Some KANU politicians were uncomfortable with the queue voting system and its implications for electoral fairness. However, KANU remained subordinate to Moi's authority, and internal dissent could not effectively challenge the president's decision. The limited KANU internal opposition to mlolongo showed that even party insiders recognized the system's problems, but party discipline prevented effective resistance to Moi's electoral innovation.
See Also
- 1988 Election
- Mlolongo System
- KANU Party
- Daniel arap Moi
- Kenya One-Party State
- Kenya Authoritarianism
Sources
- Widner, Jennifer. The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya. University of California Press, 1992.
- Hornsby, Charles. Kenya: A History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris, 2012.
- Gitonga, Ezra. "Moi's Kenya: Social Engineering in a Kleptocratic State." In Rogue States and State Sponsors of Terrorism. Edited by Robert Rotberg, 2007.