The security forces and intelligence apparatus played direct roles in the 1983 election. The police and military provided security for the election process but also monitored and constrained political activities. Intelligence services tracked suspected dissidents and coup sympathizers. The security apparatus was used to intimidate potential opponents of government-favored candidates. Police presence at campaign rallies and primary contests discouraged challenges to government candidates. The integration of the security apparatus into the electoral process meant that elections were conducted under conditions of security surveillance and control.

See Also

Sources

  1. Widner, Jennifer. The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya. University of California Press, 1992.
  2. Amnesty International. "Kenya: A Human Rights Review." 1988.
  3. Hornsby, Charles. Kenya: A History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris, 2012.