The 1983 election established patterns that would characterize Moi's authoritarian rule. The use of elections for political consolidation, the explicit government management of primary contests, the removal of political opponents, and the elevation of loyal supporters all became standard features of subsequent elections. The 1983 election marked the definitive shift from Kenya's earlier semi-competitive one-party elections to fully controlled elections serving the president's political purposes. The 1988 mlolongo (queue voting) system would further restrict electoral competition.

See Also

Sources

  1. Widner, Jennifer. The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya. University of California Press, 1992.
  2. Hornsby, Charles. Kenya: A History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris, 2012.
  3. Gitonga, Ezra. "Moi's Kenya: Social Engineering in a Kleptocratic State." In Rogue States and State Sponsors of Terrorism. Edited by Robert Rotberg, 2007.