Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) cultivation is an important cash crop in Trans-Nzoia County, particularly in higher-elevation zones. Pyrethrum flowers contain natural insecticidal compounds used in agricultural and household pest control products. The crop grows well in the cool, well-drained highland soils. Pyrethrum farming provides important cash income for participating farmers. The crop is labor-intensive, with careful harvesting and drying of flowers required. Cooperative societies and marketing channels link pyrethrum farmers to processing companies and export markets.
Cultivation and Production
Pyrethrum is planted as a perennial crop, with individual plants producing for several years before replanting. The flowering season (approximately June-August) determines harvest timing. Farmers dry harvested flowers, which are then processed into powder or extract form. Dried flowers are stored until sale to processing companies. Pyrethrum cultivation requires fertile soils, regular rainfall, and protection from pests. Farmers apply organic or conventional pest management, avoiding pesticides that would contaminate the crop. Pyrethrum yields per acre vary with climate, soil fertility, and farmer management. Average production generates substantial income for participating smallholder farmers.
Market and Processing
Kenya is a major global pyrethrum producer, with Trans-Nzoia contributing a significant portion. Processing occurs at industrial facilities, with the most significant facility (Pyrethrum Board of Kenya) located in nearby regions. Processed pyrethrum products (powders, extracts, concentrate) are sold to pesticide manufacturers and exported internationally. Export markets include Europe, Americas, and Asia, with price determined by global commodity markets. Pyrethrum Board of Kenya regulates production and marketing. Smallholder farmers may sell dried flowers to the board or to private traders. Global demand for natural insecticides has supported pyrethrum market prices.