Mombasa's climate is tropical, characterized by hot, humid weather year-round. The city is located near the equator at sea level, resulting in consistently warm temperatures and substantial rainfall during the rainy seasons.
Temperature
Mombasa experiences relatively constant high temperatures throughout the year, with average temperatures ranging from approximately 25 degrees Celsius (77 Fahrenheit) to 32 degrees Celsius (90 Fahrenheit). Daily temperature variation is modest due to the marine influence moderating extremes.
Humidity
Humidity is characteristically high in Mombasa due to the maritime location. Humidity levels often exceed 70 percent, creating a sticky, uncomfortable feeling, particularly during the hottest hours of the day.
Rainfall Patterns
Mombasa experiences two rainy seasons: the long rains (April-May) and the short rains (November-December). Annual rainfall is approximately 1,200 millimeters (47 inches), distributed unevenly across the year. The dry seasons (June-September and January-March) receive minimal rainfall.
Monsoon Winds
Monsoon winds influence Mombasa's climate and historically were crucial for Indian Ocean sailing. The northeast monsoon (December-March) and southwest monsoon (June-September) patterns have shaped maritime activity and settlement patterns.
Heat and Comfort
The persistent heat and humidity create challenges for comfort and labor productivity. Lightweight clothing, air conditioning, and shade seeking are important for comfort. Tourists from cooler climates require time to acclimatize.
Health Impacts
The tropical climate supports disease vectors including mosquitoes (malaria, dengue), creating health challenges. The warm, humid climate accelerates bacterial growth and food spoilage, creating food safety concerns.
Flooding
Heavy rainfall during rainy seasons can cause flooding in low-lying areas and informal settlements with inadequate drainage. Poor urban drainage infrastructure exacerbates flooding impacts.
Climate Change Impacts
Climate change is altering Mombasa's climate patterns. Rising sea levels threaten the low-lying coastal city. Changing rainfall patterns create uncertainty in water availability. Warming waters affect marine ecosystems and fisheries.
Cyclone and Severe Weather Risk
Although Mombasa is south of the region most affected by East African cyclones, the city is occasionally affected by severe weather systems bringing intense rainfall and strong winds.
See Also
Mombasa Timeline Mombasa History Mombasa Port Mijikenda Mombasa Economy Fort Jesus