Lake Turkana's eastern shore forms Marsabit County's eastern boundary. Known as the "jade sea" for its distinctive green-blue colour, Lake Turkana represents the world's largest permanent desert lake and a critical freshwater resource for the arid region.
The lake's shoreline communities include Turkana pastoralists and fisher folk engaging in both pastoral and aquatic livelihoods. Fish populations historically supported fishing communities, though overfishing and environmental changes have affected fish productivity in recent decades.
Water quality and salinity in Lake Turkana remain relatively good compared to many desert lakes, though gradually increasing salinity poses long-term concerns. The lake receives water from the Omo River in Ethiopia, the Turkwel River, and other tributaries. Climate change potentially affects tributaries' flow.
Lake Turkana's fisheries have historically supported substantial human populations and provided exports to distant markets. Nile perch, tilapia, and other fish species were commercially valuable. Contemporary fishery conditions face challenges from overfishing, pollution, and declining water quality.
The lake's ecology supports distinctive wildlife including crocodiles, hippos, and aquatic birds. The lake ecosystem interacts with surrounding terrestrial ecosystems, with birds and other animals depending on both aquatic and terrestrial resources.
The Lake Turkana Wind Power project (Loiyangalani) occupies the lakeshore, utilising the region's consistent winds for power generation. This project represents significant economic development in the area while creating environmental and social impact concerns.
Archaeological evidence indicates extensive human settlement around Lake Turkana historically. The lake's importance for water and food supported dense populations in prehistoric times. Contemporary use remains important though populations have declined from historical levels.
Tourism around Lake Turkana includes wildlife viewing, cultural visits to local communities, and fishing excursions. Tourism remains limited by accessibility and services but represents potential for economic development.
See Also
Sources
- Kenya Wildlife Service: Lake Turkana Ecosystem Assessment. https://www.kws.go.ke/
- Ferguson, A. & Flom, J. (2002). Cichlid Fish Communities in East African Lakes. Hydrobiologia, 485(1). https://www.springer.com/
- Marsabit County: Lake Turkana Shore Community Profile. https://www.marsabit.go.ke/