Kajiado County's climate is characterized as semi-arid to arid savanna with bimodal rainfall patterns, high temperature variation, and significant drought risk, creating substantial challenges for pastoral livelihoods and requiring adaptive water and rangeland management strategies.
Rainfall Patterns
Kajiado receives bimodal rainfall with long rains from March to May and short rains from October to November. Annual rainfall ranges from approximately 300 millimeters in the driest areas to 800 millimeters in elevated areas.
Rainfall is highly variable both within years and between years, with periodic severe drought years creating water and forage scarcity affecting pastoral and wildlife populations.
Temperature Characteristics
Kajiado experiences hot savanna temperatures with highs frequently exceeding 30 degrees Celsius in lowland areas. Temperature variation occurs with elevation, with cooler conditions in elevated areas.
Seasonal Patterns
Dry seasons from January to February and June to September create water scarcity and forage limitations. Pastoral transhumance traditionally tracked seasonal water and forage availability.
Rainy seasons trigger vegetation growth supporting livestock and wildlife populations, with pastoral communities concentrating in areas with adequate water and forage.
Climate Variability and Drought
Severe droughts in 2000, 2011, and 2016-2017 caused significant livestock losses and humanitarian crises. Climate variability appears to be increasing in frequency and intensity.
Water Availability
Water represents the primary climate-related limiting factor for pastoral and wildlife populations. Springs, water holes, and constructed boreholes provide dry season water access.
Cross-References
See also: Kajiado County, Kajiado Climate Change, Kajiado Livestock